BIOETHICS

Introduction. The obligatory study of medical drugs during clinical trials conduction can be named as one of the fundamental principles of evidence-based medicine. The article deals with the phenomenon of a therapeutic misconception occurring in volunteers participating in such experiments, who failed to understand the scientific goals of clinical trials and incorrectly expect the therapeutical advantages linked with such a participation.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of human ecology, the choice of the optimal way for the interaction between science and the human body and consciousness. Transhumanism and bioethics have different views on solving this problem. Theoretical analysis. Developing NBIC-technologies set as their task the global transformation of a person. The idea of creating people-cyborgs and digital copies of human consciousness is considered.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of immortality in the context of the philosophy of posthumanism. The problem of immortality has always worried humanity. In fairy tales and myths, religious systems and scientific research, it occupies a central place, which relates to the natural desire of a person to live forever. In the philosophy of posthumanism, this problem acquires new meanings, moving from a purely speculative metaphysical field to the sphere of practice. The development of NBICS technologies contributes to this metamorphosis.

The constructive solution of the diverse essential problems of human life in the space-time continuum of life involves an explanation of the specifics of the development of life on Earth from the perspective of bioethics. In the article, the human world and all living organisms of the biosphere are considered as unified dynamic and organic integrity. The principles of bioethics acquire an important role for the civilizational interaction of nature, a man and society within the framework of a single global system of life.

The article is devoted to modern issues of bioethics and the problem of replacing anthropocentric values that lie in the relation of a man to nature with the values of biocentrism. Attempts to solve the environmental problems of modern society within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm have not been successful so far, despite the fact that many theories have been created to prevent the environmental crisis.

This article discusses the ethical judgments about human genetic engineering. Considered opinions include consequentialist judgments and categorical judgments. Judgments are being analyzed in the emotivist approach. The article concludes that there is no enough empirical knowledge for an adequate judgment on the prospects of human genetic engineering, while the existing judgments are being associated with exaggerated assumptions, bordering on dystopian fiction, and metaphysical concepts.

The article shows the attempt to define the place of Bioethics as a new scientific knowledge. The image of essence of Bioethics as concept and social phenomenon from the point of view of factors of its genesis is being covered. The special place in this system is taken by the complex of reasons connected with contemporary scientific strategies, in particular with the Forth Global Scientific Revolution, which creates the new postneoclassic science.