Другой

Introduction. This paper considers madness as a metahistorical category of culture as well as an excluded language in Western European culture that exists despite the language code. To determine the status of madness in the contemporary philosophy the author analyses the way it functions in the discourse of “the other”. Theoretical analysis.

The article analyzes the problematization of the concept of the Other in social phenomenology. It has been shown that the study of this topic is connected with the solution of two interrelated issues: the issue of the paramount living of the Other’s figure and the question of the possibility of living through the Other’s experience. These questions in phenomenology are traditionally solved using two opposing approaches: the perceptual approach of M. Scheler or the apperceptive approach of A. Schütz, based on the views of E. Husserl.

The article’s aim is to investigate human existence through the notion of writing, using philosophical concepts of J. Derrida and J.-L. Nancy. Any of our actions or thoughts can be interpreted as acts of writing, located on the surface of touching, in the area, where oneself is opening to the Other. Our existence doesn’t “have sense”, but it itself becomes the sense, being written out. The paper also raises the issue of the idea of self. Being local and for that reason always different effect of writing, ego hereby is fragmentary, irreducible to any unity, devoid of self-identity.

The phenomenological method is directed not at studying of specialized forms of knowledge (as a science, for example), but at «daily knowledge», reality of the «Lebenswelt», previous to all theoretical systems. Its main theoretical source is the phenomenology of E. Husserl, recycled by A. Schutz to phenomenological sociology. Process of formation of the person occurs in interrelation with environment. Social order is a product of man, or rather, continuing human production. It created by man in the process of externalization.

In this article the function of death in the Unconscious on the basis of the comparative analysis of theories of Z. Freud and J. Lacan is considered. In this context the death is considered as plural and repeating, included in a symbolical order of an exchange by the signifiers. The conclusion is drawn that a way what the subject finds the death completely is certain by that order of the signifiers at which death function is present as one of ways of relations of the subject to the Other. 

В  статье  в  диахронической  перспективе  осуществлена  попыт-
ка осмысления динамики становления философского концепта 
«Логос» в двух его ипостасях: тёмной и светлой – на разных эта-
пах развития философской мысли. Основное внимание при этом 
уделено философии Гераклита, а также рецепции понятия «Ло-
гос»  средневековой  христианской  теологией.  Намечена  струк-
тура каждой из форм Логоса, предложенная М. Мерло-Понти и 
А. Г. Дугиным. Удалось доказать, что идеи М. Мерло-Понти, каса-