The article deals with the development of issues related to national economy and economic activity in Russian Orthodox thought. It is postulated, relying on the teachings of the Holy Fathers, that economics for the Church is not a doctrinal issue, but it is indoctrinated by the idea of building the City of God on earth. This is an important pillar of theology of Metropolitan Anthony (Bloom). The spiritual tools of the earthly building of the City of God are formed by a fundamental circumstance: the free will of man, which should be directed toward “death for the false life of sin”.