подход

The article considers the methodological foundations of international and Russian studies of mentality within the framework of different approaches in the XIX–XX centuries. Having analyzed interpretations of the categories mentality and mental setup and their interrelation in a number of studies, the author’s justification of the differentiation of these categories in social philosophy is offered.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the methodological resource of the civilization approach at the modern stage of the historical process. Taking into account the categorical development of the concept of civilization, the author focuses on two groups of socio-cultural characteristics: unique and universal. The unique characteristic reflects the distinctive, special and original features of a certain historical type of society that is being studied in social and cultural aspects.

The paper deals with the youth culture educating improvement by means of fostering it in conditions of engagement in single combats sports. This objective is targeted by recommending to detect a future sportsmans potentialities using appropriate psychological diagnostic tools, to introduce a trainee into a chosen sports opportunities. Special place is allotted to inserting a healthy psychics characteristics into a trainees sub-consciousness, that is educating a will alongside with a spirituality. This paper presents some results of this kind of sportsmen training.

В статье исследуется проблема предмета и методологии препо-
давания теологии в современных российских светских высших 
учебных  заведениях.  Автор  раскрывает  основное  содержание 
дискуссии среди ученых по этому вопросу и приводит аргументы 
полемизирующих сторон. По его мнению, для введения предмета 
теология имеется основание на уровне исторического междуна-
родного опыта и дореволюционной традиции университетского 
образования в России. Им анализируются материалы обсужде-
ния темы на слушаниях Общественной палаты Российской Фе-

The article is devoted to the social and philosophical analysis of the historical changes of the elite power. There is made an attempt to identify the differences between elite power from the power of the elites. From this point of view, there are various approaches to study the ruling groups. And the hermeneutic approach is set off in the article. Based on it there is defined the elite of the text (the public), the elite of the subtext (behind the scenes), and the elite of the context (the real conditions of its existence).