being

In the article the specificity of methodological function of nothing as category in philosophy and science is revealed. Special attention is paid to methodological function of this category in existentialism, religious philosophy and theology.

The article is devoted to the question of being in Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, namely, his claim to understand the ancient idea of being. In his work “Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning)”, Heidegger distinguishes between the understanding of being as the being of everything that exists and his own understanding of being as such, out of connection with things. He calls the first point the “leading question” and attributes its authorship to Aristotle, the second one – “the main question”.

The article explores the moral nature of philosophy. The source of philosophy is the duality of human existence. Philosophy is moral in its essence, being a way of life which actualizes the contradictory unity of the dual human nature in thoughts and deeds. Historically, there were three types of understanding the philosophy: the Sophia type, the epistemic type and the technematic type. The Sophia type, first formulated by Pythagoras, comes from the idea of love of wisdom. Being the fullness of knowledge, wisdom is accessible only to God. Man’s lot is the eternal search for wisdom.

The article’s aim is to investigate human existence through the notion of writing, using philosophical concepts of J. Derrida and J.-L. Nancy. Any of our actions or thoughts can be interpreted as acts of writing, located on the surface of touching, in the area, where oneself is opening to the Other. Our existence doesn’t “have sense”, but it itself becomes the sense, being written out. The paper also raises the issue of the idea of self. Being local and for that reason always different effect of writing, ego hereby is fragmentary, irreducible to any unity, devoid of self-identity.

In article are discussed questions of the correlation subjective and subjectivity with position of the socializations of personalities, shaping space of being. It is analysed their place and role in shaping the subjective well-being of personalities.

Our work is dedicated to the philosophical analysis of the "limit" phenomenon. The author considers the "limit" as a clear symbol devoid of content, which expresses the essential sense of the Symbolic. The "limit" is viewed as a base abstraction - the source of reflection of the cognitive and epistemological instrument and the basis of plurality (the perception of the material world variety).

Article argues that «metaphysics of universal unity»`s paradigm is general base of Russian religious philosophy. Author proves that problems of forming of «metaphysics of universal unity»`s paradigm consolidated creative energies of famous Russian philosophers as V.Soloviov, S.Frank, L.Karsavin, P.Florenskiy, S.Bulgakov. Article emphasized Russian philosophers’ common positions in methodology and ontology. Attempt to get over Hegel’s dialectics in methodology and orientation for superbeing as universal united godlike primary substance in ontology are united principles for them.

The article deals with the problem of interpretative transformation of Heidegger’s understanding of being in postmodern thought. This transfotmation takes somewhat unpredictable conceptual forms as, for example, in Derrida’s «ontologies of differance and supplement» and in Baudrillard’s «ontology of branchments». The postmodern investigation of Heidegger’s notion of «being» has changed our understanding of main ontological approaches and problems.

This article is about the investigation of temporological foundations of the philosophical conception of Taoism. The main religions and philosophical treatises of Taoism are under analysis in this aspect. Tao and Te are interpreted as two fundamental Temporological characteristics. Tao defines the temporology of the event of realizing of being, and Te defines the temporology of presence of already realized being.