MENTALITY

The article considers the methodological foundations of international and Russian studies of mentality within the framework of different approaches in the XIX–XX centuries. Having analyzed interpretations of the categories mentality and mental setup and their interrelation in a number of studies, the author’s justification of the differentiation of these categories in social philosophy is offered.

The article considers the mental foundations of the cultural specificity of the Eastern Christian civilization based on the cultural-historical method. The purpose of the article is to clarify the historical model which formed the mental differences between Western European and Russian cultures. It is shown that the roots of the civilizational division of Europe into Western and Eastern ones are largely determined by the special way in which “barbarian” ethnic groups were attached to the Christian and ancient traditions.

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of educational space and the educational environment characterized by syncreticity, internal integrity, and attempts to determine the relationship of the educational environment with the establishment of the role of culture in education. Noting such trends in modern education as de-territorization, de-institutionalization, the author believes that there is an increasing need to activate the symbolic principle in the educational process.

In the given article the problem of formation of ethnic consciousness of the population of one of most poliethnik country regions – the Volga Region is investigated; from the objective scientific point of view; aspects of ethnic identification of six nations of the Volga Region as the component of social identity are considered. The point is to dwell on the undoubt urgency of the given processes influencing the process of democratisation of the Russian society. 

The author analyzes the conflicts of civilizations in this article. The Author considers the reasons of these conflicts that are created value.
The value of one civilization disagrees with the value of other civilizations. At the end of article he draws a conclusion. The problem
of civilization’s conflicts has to be studied together with modern global problems and problems of modernizations.