Philosophy

The author analyzes reflections and meanings of the russian idea. The
author based his research on studies of religious sources and special
literature on problems of history of Russian philosophy and elaborates
upon the vivid expression of the Russian idea as «Mother Russia». At
the same time the author researches the antinomy of religious and
political meanings of such concepts as «Moscow is the Third Rome»
and «The Great Russia».

The phenomenological method is directed not at studying of specialized forms of knowledge (as a science, for example), but at «daily knowledge», reality of the «Lebenswelt», previous to all theoretical systems. Its main theoretical source is the phenomenology of E. Husserl, recycled by A. Schutz to phenomenological sociology. Process of formation of the person occurs in interrelation with environment. Social order is a product of man, or rather, continuing human production. It created by man in the process of externalization.

Article contains a problematic view at an opportunity to establish
historical field exceptionally in a context of language interpretativeness.
Because revealing of necessary aspects of the reality seen from
prospect of history becomes possible only under condition of realization
of essentially new description of a way of reflection about the world.
That, as a matter of fact, means detection of the certain historical period
limited to language toolkit.

This article analyzes the Russian national idea in the context of contemporary realities, where new content join to the national idea. It is emphasized that the national idea is a process of self-realization of the nation as a subject in historical process through the formation of «we-identity». It argues that the national idea has heuristic sense, not only in the perspective of self-determination in Russia, but also a world-historical significance.

B. V. Yakovenko's works devoted to Russian philosophy are analyzed
in article. Jakovenko rejects idea of feature and originality of Russian
philosophy, becoming the opponent of N. A. Berdjaev's ideas.
Author argues that, in spite of critical relation to Russian philosophy,
B. V. Jakovenko is a part of Russian philosophical tradition.

The article is devoted to the analysis of temporal characteristics
of social identity. It is emphasized that the recognition of time of
personal existence by an individual is the most important condition
of understanding of the identity and the means of its structuring.
The person’s choice of a certain temporal vector is determined by
sociocultural factors. It shows the system of values and the type of
behavior in society and after all the specificity of a certain cultural model.

This article is devoted to the conception of autopoiesis given by Chilean
neurobiologists H. Maturana and F. Varela. Autopoiesis as a basic
property of living systems is a foundation for considering of such as
existence, cognition and activity. This conception also makes possible
to explain social processes and cultural phenomena.

The article investigates the epistemological grounds of differentiation of sociocultural perception of space in philosophical-legal presentations.

Article by philosophical and methodological critical explanations of
radical philosophical innovations presented in philosophical knowledge
studies of German classics of the rationale of philosophy as a reason,
form of scientific rationalism of the explosions at an epoch. Exploring the
limits competence of Kant restricts them. In the historical interpretation
of Hegel logic-scientific phenomenon is revealed as a coherent
movement, succession «body» of scientific knowledge.

There is amount of problems associated with the specific historical knowledge. Historian faced
with such problems as lack of source material for the task. Therefore method of historical
reconstruction becomes urgent. Historical reconstruction provides a holistic view of the past,
despite the incomplete and fragmentary historical sources.